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PPT : Air Quality Models
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* Air quality models attempt to simulate the concentrations of air pollutants in the real world.
* Mathematical models use analytical and numerical formulations, usually implemented on computers.
* Models may be deterministic or statistical.
* Models may be based on first principles or be empirical.
Eulerian Advection/Diffusion Models
* Wind speeds and concentrations are specified in a stationary co-ordinate system (i.e. as “fields”)
* Wind speed field is found using computational fluid dynamics (PHOENICS CFD or from measurements)
* Advection diffusion equation solved for concentration field.
Advection Diffusion Equation (e.g. in PHOENICS)
C(x,y,z,t) = concentration of pollutant
KD(x,y,z,t) = atmospheric turbulent diffusion coefficient
U(x,y,z,t) = windspeed vector
S(x,y,z,t) = source/sink for pollutant
?= gradient operator
?2 = Laplacian operator
PHOENICS CFD Modelling
* Two-dimensional, infinitely long street canyon
* Cartesian coordinates
* Standard k-? turbulence model
* Steady State
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