Content Inside :
1. History of Hadron Therapy
* First treatment by the Lawrence’s of their mother (X-rays)(1937). Seemed to cure an inoperable uterine cancer, but probably the malady was mis-diagnosed. Nevertheless it started the field of radiation treatment of cancer.
2. J.S. Stone and John Lawrence (both MDs) used neutrons
for therapy in patients, starting in late 1938, with a major program (250 patients) starting in 1940. Quoting Stone: “Distressing late effects” and “Neutron therapy…should not be continued”
No further neutron work for 25 years…
* History of Hadron Therapy (Cont) Review article, Alfred Smith, “Proton Therapy”, Phys. Med. Biol. 51, R491 (2006)
3. Linacs for X-rays built by Siemens and Varian in the US
4. Most patients are treated by X-rays. World-wide there are 10,000 linacs and 4 million patients a year treated.
5. Hadron therapy (Bragg peak) suggested by Bob Wilson in Radiology 47, 487 (1946) Pioneered in Berkeley and Harvard.
Now 6 hadron (proton) facilities in US; two under construction, more to come.
The Bragg peak curve from the original Wilson paper.
1. History of Hadron Therapy (Cont)
Review article: Joseph Castro,
LBL-35418 (1993)
6. Heavy ions carefully developed at the Bevalac in the
70’s. From basic biology to patient treatment. All was really R&D. Even on patients: What cancers responded best? What doses? Etc.
Many scientists:
Joe Castro, Bill Chu, John Lyman,Cornelius Tobias, Eleanor Blakely, Ted Philips, and many others.
Bevalac was used 2/3 for medicine and only 1/3 for nuclear physics (but laid the basis for RHIC, LHC).
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