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PPT : Clostridium See Lecture Handouts
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Spores
* Clostridium form endospores under adverse environmental conditions
* Spores are a survival mechanism
* Spores are characterized on the basis of position, size and shape
* Most Clostridium spp., including C. perfringens and C. botulinum, have ovoid subterminal (OST) spores
* C. tetani have round terminal (RT) spores
Clostridium Associated Human Disease
Clostridium perfringens
Summary of C. perfringens Infections
Micro & Macroscopic C. perfringens
NOTE: Large rectangular gram-positive bacilli
Inner beta-hemolysis = ? toxin Outer alpha-hemolysis = a toxin
NOTE: Double zone of hemolysis
Summary ofC. perfringens Infections (cont.)
Clostridial Cellulitis
C. perfringens Virulence Factors
Exotoxins Associated with C. perfringens Types A-E
C. perfringens Nagler Reaction
NOTE: Lecithinase (a-toxin; phospholipase) hydrolyzes phospholipids in egg-yolk agar around streak on right. Antibody against a-toxin inhibits activity around left streak.
Clostridium tetani
Summary of C. tetani Infections
Summary of Clostridium tetani Infections (cont.)
Clostridium tetani Gram Stain
NOTE: Round terminal spores give cells a “drumstick” or “tennis racket” appearance.
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