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PPT : Hydrogen Production via High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis and Hybrid Thermochemical-Electrochemical Processes
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We are investigating two processes as potential methods of generating hydrogen for the “hydrogen economy”
* Both use water as the hydrogen source and could use a nuclear reactor or other source for heat and electricity
o High temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE)
+ Advantages: Builds on existing SOFC technology, less corrosive operating conditions, reduced electrical energy consumption
+ Challenges: SOFC stack cost, lifetime, and durability
o Hybrid thermochemical-electrochemical cycle based on sulfuric acid synthesis and decomposition
+ Advantages: Lower operating temperatures than other
sulfur-based cycles
+ Challenges: Management of corrosive gases and liquids, materials compatibility with reactants
High-temperature steam electrolysis
* Uses a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with the current reversed
* Target operating temperature range is 800-900°C
LSM = lanthanum strontium manganite, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3
SSZ = scandia-stabilized zirconia
Materials issues and objectives for HTSE
* The performance of the standard oxygen electrode (anode) material, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, is low due to limited ionic conductivity below 1000°C
* Improved oxygen electrode materials will lead to higher efficiency and/or reduced cost
o Mixed conducting materials are being explored as alternatives to standard La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 oxygen electrode
o Microstructure gradation is also being explored
10-7 100-200 La1-xSrxMnO3 ? 500 La1-xSrxNiO3 1×10-2 400-500 La1-xSrxFeO3 8×10-1 1000-2000 La1-xSrxCoO3 Ionic Conductivity (S cm-1) at 900ºC Electronic Conductivity (S cm-1) at 800ºC
Candidate oxygen electrode materials were tested for chemical interaction with zirconia electrolyte
* Electrode powders were mixed with yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, pressed into a pellet, and heated to 1000°C for 13 days under pure oxygen
* Pellet was ground into a powder and x-ray diffraction was used to determine the phases present in the samples
* A study by J. Ralph et al. (J. Electrochem. Soc, 150 (11) A1518, 2003) found that none of these materials reacted with doped ceria
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PPT : Hydrogen Production via High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis and Hybrid Thermochemical-Electrochemical Processes.ppt
Category : HydrogenSource : www.cmt.anl.gov
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Tags: anode material, electrical energy consumption, hydrogen economy