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PPT : Lidar Detection Of Particulate Matter: Overview And Application To Automotive Emissions

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* For each distance r, there are two unknowns T(r) and b(r), but only one measurement S(r)
* If extinction and backscatter can be related, and C is known, equation may be solved (Klett Inversion)
* If either T(r) or b(r) are well known, the other quantity can be determined

Distributed Backreflection
* Particle Scattering Particle Concentration, Shape , Size(?), Wind Velocity
* Rayleigh Scattering Atmospheric Density, Temperature, Wind Velocity
* Raman Scattering Gas Density, Temperature
* Fluorescence (Quenching!) Atoms, Molecules, Biological Material?

Distributed Return
* Terra-Watt Femtosecond Laser 1012W, 10 – 100 fs = 10-13- 10-15 s
* Nonlinear Effects in Atmosphere 1 – 20 km distance
* Plasma Channel (several 100 m) Self-Focusing, Filamenting
* White Light Source DOAS in the Sky

Transmission
* Atmospheric Extinction Visibility, Radiative Transfer, Aerosol Size Distribution, Concentration
* Differential Absorption Lidar Gas Concentrations: e.g., O3, NO2, SO2, Hg, H2O Temperature Pressure

Automotive Emissions
* Dynamometer Testing Few vehicles under a large range of operating conditions Applications: I&M, Emission Factors for Inventories and Modeling (e.g., MOBILE, EMFAC) Missing: Real Time PM Measurements
* Remote Sensing Large (10,000/day) number of vehicles under a limited number of operating conditions Applications: I&M (Clean Screening & Gross Emitter Identification), Emission Factors for Inventories and Modeling (e.g., MOBILE, EMFAC)Missing: PM Measurements

Gaseous Remote Sensing
* Pioneered by Stedman & Bishop (DU)
* Commercially Available
* Measures Gaseous Column Content across Road behind Vehicle
* CO2, CO, NO, HC by IR, UV Absorption
* Ratio to CO2 (& CO, HC) to Obtain Fuel-Based Emission Factor (i.e., g/kg fuel)
* Ancillary Measurements: Speed, Acceleration, License Plate

PM Emissions
* PM Mass Nearly Exclusively Elemental (EC) & Organic (OC) Carbon
* EC: Strongly Light Absorbing (i.e., Black Smoke)
* OC: No Light Absorption (i.e., White Smoke)
* Mass Mean Diameter 0.1-0.2?m
* Not Covered by I&M Programs (Exceptions: no visible emissions, Diesel opacity) hy is there no PM I&M

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PPT : Lidar Detection Of Particulate Matter: Overview And Application To Automotive Emissions.ppt


PPT : Lidar Detection Of Particulate Matter: Overview And Application To Automotive Emissions Category : General Auto
Source : www.epa.gov
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Language : English
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