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PPT : Microwave Devices Introduction
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* Microwaves have frequencies > 1 GHz approx.
* Stray reactances are more important as frequency increases
* Transmission line techniques must be applied to short conductors like circuit board traces
* Device capacitance and transit time are important
* Cable losses increase: waveguides often used instead
Waveguides
* Pipe through which waves propagate
* Can have various cross sections
o Rectangular
o Circular
o Elliptical
* Can be rigid or flexible
Modes
* Waves can propagate in various ways
* Time taken to move down the guide varies with the mode
* Each mode has a cutoff frequency below which it won’t propagate
* Mode with lowest cutoff frequency is dominant mode
Mode Designations
* TE: transverse electric
o Electric field is at right angles to direction of travel
* TM: transverse magnetic
o Magnetic field is at right angles to direction of travel
* TEM: transverse electromagnetic
o Waves in free space are TEM
Rectangular Waveguides
* Dominant mode is TE10
o 1 half cycle along long dimension (a)
o No half cycles along short dimension (b)
o Cutoff for a = ?c/2
* Modes with next higher cutoff frequency are TE01 and TE20
o Both have cutoff frequency twice that for TE10
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