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PPT : Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis
* DNA unwinds
* mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands.
* mRNA copy moves out of nucleus into cytoplasm.
* tRNA molecules are activated as their complementary amino acids are attached to them.
* mRNA copy attaches to the small subunit of the ribosomes in cytoplasm. 6 of the bases in the mRNA are exposed in the ribosome.
* A tRNA bonds complementarily with the mRNA via its anticodon.
* A second tRNA bonds with the next three bases of the mRNA, the amino acid joins onto the amino acid of the first tRNA via a peptide bond.
* The ribosome moves along. The first tRNA leaves the ribosome.
* A third tRNA brings a third amino acid
* Eventually a stop codon is reached on the mRNA. The newly synthesised polypeptide leaves the ribosome.

Overview
Transcription (making a mRNA copy of DNA)
* The part of the DNA molecule (the gene) that the cell wants the information from to make a protein unwinds to expose the bases.
* Free mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus base pair with one strand of the unwound DNA molecule.

Transcription 2
* The mRNA copy is made with the help of RNA polymerase. This enzyme joins up the mRNA nucleotides to make a mRNA strand.
* This mRNA strand is a complementary copy of the DNA (gene)
* The mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm

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