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PPT : The Parathyroid Gland & Calcium Balance

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* Four Parathyroid glands are usually found posterior to the thyroid gland
* Total weight of parathyroid tissue is about 150mg
* Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is made by these glands

Biosynthesis, Storage & Secretion of PTH
* PTH is synthesized as the preprohormone (Preproparathyroid Hormone) by parathyroid gland chief cells
* The active form of PTH is cleaved from the preprohormone before release from the gland
* PTH is synthesized continously (it is either released from the gland or degraded)
* PTH is released by exocytosis in response to reduced plasma calcium
* Vitamin D feeds back to reduce PTH secretion as a secondary mechanism

Biological Activity of PTH
* BONE
o PTH stimulates bone osteoblasts to increase growth & metabolic activity
o PTH stimulated bone resorption releases calcium & phosphate into blood
* KIDNEY
o PTH increases reabsorption of calcium & reduces reabsorption of phosphate
o Net effect of its action is increased calcium & reduced phosphate in plasma
* INTESTINE
o Increases calcium reabsorption via vitamin D

Calcium Regulation of PTH Release
* Parathyroid gland chief cell calcium receptor has two signal transduction systems
o Inositol triphosphate which reduces PTH release
o cAMP which increases PTH release

Calcitonin
* Calcitonin is a peptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular or “C” cells of the thyroid gland
* It is synthesized as the preprohormone & released in response to high plasma calcium
* Calcitonin acts on bone osteoclasts to reduce bone resorption.
* Net result of its action is a decline in plasma calcium & phosphate

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PPT : The Parathyroid Gland & Calcium Balance Category : Calcium
Source : www.med.howard.edu
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